Imam Hassan Mojtaba (a) was hard pressed in a pinch quite different from one in which Imam Hussein (a) was caught. Imam Hussein (a) had the choice to resist, Imam Hassan (a), deprived from everything, had to grin and bear it, however. In reliance on his excellence of self-esteem and his absence of selfishness, Imam Hassan (a) forbear caliphate and did without it for the sake of Islam. However, in return for leaving caliphate and his satisfaction of his renouncement, Imam (a) prescribed them heavy duties including these cases “They accepted to restrain themselves from ill-speaking against his father (Imam Ali, peace be upon him). They accepted to offer Imam Hassan (a) the exacted tribute from the state of Daraabgard (A city in old Persia). With this money in hand, Imam Hassan (a) could afford to provide for the remaining members of the families who had lost their guardian in the war of Saffain as assistants of Imam Ali (a). They also accepted to grant those families who had lost their guardian in battlefields as assistants of Imam Ali (a) peace and grace and to stop acting vindictively against them”.
Although Omayyads undertook these condition in their agreement with Imam Hassan, both of them (Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein, peace be upon them) experienced great suffering and affliction from the side of this dynasty. Besides, Imam Hassan (a) did not sit in a corner to let everything go unnoticed. In return, he dealt with many effective measures in the time of Moaveyeh’s rulling .
The predicament which Imam Hussein (a) and his assistants were in contact with on the day of Ashura was quite different from Imam Hassan’s conditions when he came to the terms with Omayyad. Considering the conditions which Omar Ebn Saad had imposed on Imam (a) on the day of Ashura, one can say that if Imam had made a deal to come to an understanding with Omayyad, he would have been bringing about a tiresome situation for himself and for Islam. They had imposed two conditions on Imam (a), in either case Imam (a) found himself who has incurred a loss, however.
First, “they had asked Imam (a) to leave to a Muslim border and live as common people who are (were) living there while they were enjoying rights and position equal with those of Imam (a). Although Omayyads included these conditions in the written agreement imposed on Imam, out of the printed agreement they had figured in the mind the worst of conditions. First, they had an intention to kill Imam Hussein (a), however in the case of compromise; they had in mind to belittle Imam (a) by forgiving him his life and stigmatizing him with the infamy of slavery. In the later case, Imam (a) could not acquit himself well in undertaking the leadership of Shiites in Kufah, those who had sent him letters of invitation. In the later case, Imam (a) was not able to regard his assistants with reverence, those who had not broken their promise to stay with him. In the case of compromise, Imam (a) was out of power to get any concession from Omayyads. Imam Hassan Mojtaba (a) in the time of compromise was enjoying a commander in his army who was intolerant of rivalry. He was Saad Ebn Ghays Ebn Ebadah. However, on the day of Ashura, Imam Hussein’s army, devoid of a zealous commander like Saad Ebn Ghays Ebn Ebadah, could not urge Obaydullah Ebn Zeyad to stay bound to their undertakings or to force them to submit to Imam Hussein’s conditions. Imam Hussein (a) did not have a fist to hit in the mouths of those who spoke out of place to impose every word and condition on Him”. In addition, his return to Hejaz (Arabia petrae) or Medina was tiresome. Imam (a) could not leave everything behind. Many well-wishers who were benevolent to Imam Hussein (a) deemed it advisable to cause him to abandon his idea in departure to Kufah. Considering this fact, homecoming and return to Medina remind Imam (a) of his consignment to the grave while his body is skinned. Yes, Imam (a) spent all his last evening (The evening of the 9th day) reflecting upon these things. He reflected so much that he went to a deep sleep while he had thrust his head in his collar. This painful story causes pain in the hearts, Indeed .
On the same day (the ninth day), enemy had imposed on Imam Hussein (a) an impudent proposal. They had proposed Imam Hussein (a) to surrender themselves to Obaydullah; otherwise, Obaydullah would have declared war against them. However, this proposal from the part of enemy brought about happiness in the heart of Imam (a). Moments later than the imposed proposal, Imam failed to think of those thoughts and worries he had already in mind because Imam (a) had found himself free to shoulder the heavy burdens of expedient actions. He had also found himself free to stand seeing the fool looks of obstinate enemy. There was remained only one more point at issue, to depart this life and nothing more. Of course, martyrdom makes death more easily and honeyed for Imam (a). In return for enemy’s obscene proposal which shocked and offended him, Imam Hussein (a) came to a decision to resist to the last breath. Imam (a) could not stand granting their every option to the enemy by their surrender. Therefore, Imam (a) was more partial to lose his life rather than vesting authority to the enemy to have every choice with relevance to their life as well as their destiny. If Imam Hussein (a) and his assistants had surrendered themselves to the enemy to go by Obaydullah’s proposals, they would have violated their honor and glory. Surely, freemen could not stand trampling their freedom by surrender. They were leaning to die but safe from slavery rather than having life but stigmatized with the infamy of slavery.
In brief, in that occasion, people of the world could not make head nor tail of what Imam Hussein (a) had decided for . They could not find the logic behind Imam’s decision for resistance . No one but Allah was aware of his heartily intentions.
To deny shouldering the heavy burden of slavery and captivity, Imam Hussein(a) had decided to suffer martyrdom. Therefore he had considered himself freed . After that, he did not bother about surviving Shittes nor the generosity of the household of prophet. He was not engaged with responsibilities anymore because he had in mind a goal of best excellence and highest of preferences . His words were rational and his decision for resistant seemed well-reasoned . in addition his wise step toward fighting was a logic thing to do.
because of the imposed and out of logic proposals made by Obaydullah and Yazid, it became clear that they were provoking a battle. As a result, Imam Hussein (a) was not charged with adding fuel to the fire of war any longer. To declare his innocence from arousing battle in Karbala, Imam Hussein (a) had made a speech in which he had addressed not only Yazid’s army commanders but also all the people in the world. Of course, there was logic behind his talk. Before anything else, Imam (a) had addressed his hosts in Kufah in which he had asked them to meet his rational claims and to be answerable to him. Next, Imam (a) had made a speech to all those people in the world who had fixed their eyes on the incidents in Karbala to perceive the side that was charged with declaring war. Surely, there was Imam’s science of thought behind his words. Imam Hussein(a) has sought to provide them with a convincing reply to clean himself from arousing his assisstants to war. Of course Imam Hussein was righteous and everybody found him in the clear . Imam knew that collaborative intellects, throughout the world, would not deny the facts to turn away from justice, therefore Imam (a) ,addresses all the people in the world.
The sound and valid logics behind Imam’s words as well as his sound steps toward every single incident in Karbala condemned all enemies to wordlessness. Despite their abilities, the heads of Yazid’s army were not up to find a worthy and true answer to meet Imam’s right claims. They had kept for use enough hardware and software to make their rightful claims or words widely known to the public, without any document to condemn the enemy, they did not have a single true word to overstate, however. Therefore, along with rascals and villains in their army, the heads of Yazid’s army – in return for Hussein (a) and his assistant’s rightful words and proposals – only reasoned fallaciously. In addition, they could not meet Imam Hussein’s claims and true words favorably; therefore, they resorted to foolish talks and abusive words. In many cases, they prevaricated in telling the truth and evaded Hussein’s questions and proposals.
Although it happens often to notify a guilty person - who is sentenced to death - of not only the passed verdict but also the causes that brought about the given verdict, Obaydullah and other commanders in Yazid’s army- one day left to Ashura- issued an order to kill Imam Hussein (a) unnoticed and without any reason. Their imposed proposal meant two conceptions, Hussein’s death or his slavery. This made Imam (a) aware of whatever they had in mind. Afterwards, Imam (a) found his duty and the straight path toward his desires as well. Imam (a) had read their hand. He felt great happiness because he had predicted their succeeding step. It was Muharram (first Arabic lunar month) and nine days had passed so quickly that Imam (a) turned to himself and found his duty. He knew that he had only two options, martyrdom (the straight path to a lasting life in the other world or absolute freedom that leads into not more than God’s servitude.
If the Enemy (not unlike Moaveyeh) had played politics to victimize Imam (a) to come to the terms with him, they would have sent Imam (a) to an unknown border before anything else. If so, the people of Kufah - deprived of Imam’s illuminating presence - could not distinguish their friends and their enemies or the distinction between truth and falsehood. Surely too bad it was.
Imam Hussein (a) had seen his unbroken freedom too close to negation. Conformity was the negation of his liberties. Therefore, one day left to Ashura while he was involved in great sufferings, Hussein (a) was testing himself in combat with a gradual death. What had befallen him indeed? Of course, nobody could feel compassionate toward him.
An army of sorrow and care had pitched in his heart; Hussein (a) had kept alive his high morale, however. Although Imam had done many duties last night, he had given them his best shot to gain the best result.
On the last day, when the sun first appeared in the sky Imam Hussein (a) shouted audibly “do you know who I ? who are you and why you are here? Do you understand my words? What are you asking me for? ”. These questions are nothing but Imam’s final notice to his assistants. All he wanted was to remove all doubts. Everything Hussein had in mind was clear and everything he aimed at was accurate. His first steps toward goals, his confidence in actions and his faith to the time to come are the envy of all the other men.
