Du`¡’ (supplication) in a Glance

Du`¡’ is the articulation of poverty to the Eternal Absolute.

Du`¡’ is seeking assistance of the powerless from the All-Powerful.

Du`¡’ is the demonstration of humility to the Omnipotent.

Du`¡’ is loved by the Almighty, and is dear to the mystic and the miserable.

Du`¡’ in the Holy Qur’¡n

The Almighty, who is the Revealer of knowledge and wisdom, states in His Qur’¡n:

قُلْ مَا يَعْبَأُ بِكُمْ رَبِّي لَوْلا دُعَاؤُكُمْ فَقَدْ كَذَّبْتُمْ فَسَوْفَ يَكُونُ لِزَامًا.

Say (O’ Mu¦ammad to the disbelievers): My Lord would not concern Himself with you, but for your prayers. (25:77)

Du`¡’ is the means for attracting God’s attention and blessings. His attention removes calamity from the life of one who prays, and brings about blessings for him/her.

The All-Knowing Lord says in Qur’¡n:

وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِي إِذَا دَعَانِي.

And when My servant question thee concerning Me, then surely I am nigh. I answer the prayer of the suppliant when he crieth unto Me. (2:186)

No one is as close to the servants as Allah. He is the One who have created man, fashioning him in the womb, and transferring him to this world. He has bestowed His material and spiritual blessings to man, sent the prophets to guide him, and granted him the Divine Qur’¡n and the infallible Imams (a.s). God has created water for the thirst of man and food for his hunger. He cures man’s diseases and makes his health continuous. Allah compensates man’s loneliness with wife, children, and friends, and his bareness with various kinds of clothes. Allah makes man dear to the others, and maintains his dignity before them. Allah solves his problems, however difficult they seem. Who is so aware of man’s deepest needs and can provide him with all these blessings, except Allah? He is indeed closer than everyone to man. Hence He says in Qur’¡n:

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنْسَانَ وَنَعْلَمُ مَا تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ.

We verily created a man and We know what his soul whispereth to him, and We are nearer to him than his jugular vein. (50:16)

The prophets (s.a), who are superior to other people in terms of wisdom and insight, are aware of the unseen more than others, and know the reality as it is, were so much devoted to du`¡’. They spent part of their time both at day and night to attach to this firm and reliable string, and become present before Allah. They considered du`¡’ as the means to strengthen the mind, purify the soul, and solve the problems. The holy prophets (s.a) knew for sure that no suppliant closes du`¡’ except that Allah grants his requests to him from His presence. They hence believed in the fulfillment of du`¡’ and humbly asked Allah to grant their supplication. The holy Qur’¡n states this fact as clear as day from Prophet Abraham’s enlightened soul and purified speech:

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ.

Praise be to Allah who hath given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac! Lo! My Lord is indeed the Nearer of Prayer. (14:39)

Zechariah requested God, with the power of du`¡’, to grant him a child. God fulfilled his desire and bestowed on him John, though his wife was barren. (19:5-9)

Following his disciples’ request, the Christ asked Allah to descend a heavenly table spread with food. The Almighty God accepted his prayer and send down for him and his disciples a table spread with foods from heaven. (5:112-115)

The Powerful has ordered His servants to pray in all situations, either in happiness or sorrow, with a humble heart and a tearful eye, demanding their needs from Him and be hopeful of acceptance of their supplication by Allah. The Omniscient has also assured to consign to hell those who are too proud to serve Him:

وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمْ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ.

And your Lord hath said: Pray unto me and I will hear your prayer. Lo! Those who scorn My service, they will enter hell, disgraced. (40:60)

Du`¡’ in Traditions

Allah’s benevolence toward His creatures is extended and comprehensive, especially for mankind. Allah’s presence is not a place of hopelessness or stinginess. His generosity and forgiveness is constant, as is His long for the servants to pray to Him. Allah addressed Prophet David (a.s):

“Say to My servants: Why don’t you befriend Me, since I deserve friendship? I am a God of no parsimony, there’s no ignorance in My Omniscience, no debility in My Forbearance, and no alternation in My Attributes or My Speech. My Mercy and Forgiveness is unvarying and constant. I am the friend of he who befriends Me, and I accompany him who invokes on Me in his solitude. O David! He who seeks Me finds Me; and he who finds Me deserves not to lose Me. O David! Blessing is from Me but My servants thank others; I ward off calamity but they seek it from others. Their safe haven is My Presence, but they seek refuge to others, though finally they return to Me.”

A plethora of such meaningful texts in Islamic books, along with Qur’¡nic verses, give good tidings to the servants to be hopeful of God’s Mercy. The servants should, therefore, pray and ask their exigency from God. That’s why the traditions narrated by the Ahl Al-Bayt have all stressed the importance of du`¡’. It is narrated from the holy Prophet of Islam (s.a): 

إنَّ الدُّعَاءَ هُوَ العِبَادَةُ.

Du`¡’ is indeed as a worship. 

الدُّعَاءُ مُخُّ العِبَادَةِ.

Du`¡’ is the core of worship. 

Imam al-B¡qir (a.s) stated:

أفْضَلُ العِبَادَةِ الدُّعَاءُ.

The most preferable worship is du`¡.’ 

The Imam (a.s) also narrates:

مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ أنْ يُسْأَلَ وَيُطْلَبَ مِمَّا عِنْدَهُ، وَمَا أحَدٌ أبْغَضُ إلَى اللهِ مِمَّنْ يَسْتَكْبِرُ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَلاَ يَسْأَلُ مَا عِنْدَهُ.

Nothing is more dear to Allah than asking for His blessings. And no one is more disfavored before Allah than one who is arrogant of supplication to His Presence. 

The following is narrated from Am¢r al-Mu’min¢n (a.s):

أَحَبُّ الأَعْمَالِ إلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى فِي الأَرْضِ الدُّعَاءُ.

“The most desirable deed on all the earth is supplication to Allah.” 

الدُّعَاءُ مَفَاتِيحُ النَّجَاحِ، وَمَقَالِيدُ الفَلاَحِ، وَخَيْرُ الدُّعَاءِ مَا صَدَرَ عَنْ صَدْرٍ نَقِيٍّ وَقَلْبٍ تَقِيٍّ، وَفِي الْمُنَاجَاةِ سَبَبُ النَّجَاةِ، وَبِالإخْلاَصِ يَكُونُ الخَلاَصُ، فَإذَا اشْتَدَّ الْفَزَعُ فَإلَى اللهِ المَفْزَعُ.

Du`¡’ is the key to success. The best du`¡’ is the one coming out of a purified soul and heart. The means to salvation is sincerity in du`¡’. When the problems cause restlessness, the solution is seeking refuge to God’s Presence. 

It is narrated from Imam ¯¡diq (a.s):

إذَا نَزَلَ الْبَلاءُ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالدُّعَاءِ وَالتَّضَرُّعِ إلَى اللهِ.

When Allah descends a calamity, come to Allah’s Presence with du`¡’ and lamentation. 

عَلَيْكَ بِالدُّعَاءِ، فَإنَّ فِيهِ شِفَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ.

Du`¡’ is a must for you, since it is the solution to every problem. 

The Value of Du`¡’ in a Congregation

When the believers supply to Allah in a congregation and ask their exigency as a whole their du`¡’ is more probable to be answered, because in a group of people, there is, for sure, a poor, a bereaved, or an ascetic whose prayer may attract God’s Mercy and Forgiveness. Based on what appears in Islamic teachings, Allah may accept the prayer of others too, for the sake of that person, forgive their sins and grant them their exigency. Many traditions have been narrated from the Prophet (a.s) and ahl al-bayt (a.s) in this regard, some of which are stated here:

Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) stated:

مَا اجْتَمَعَ أرْبَعَةٌ قَطُّ عَلَى أمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ إلاّ تَفَرَّقوُا عَنْ إجَابَةٍ.

No four people congregate to pray for a single issue, unless their exigency is granted when they leave each other. 

The Holy Prophet (s.a) said:

لاَ يَجْتَمِعُ أرْبَعُونَ رَجُلاً فِي أمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ إلاّ اسْتَجَابُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ حَتَّى لَوْ دَعَوْا عَلَى جَبَلٍ لأَزَالُوهُ.

No forty men gather together to pray for a single issue, unless the Almighty God accepts their prayer; to the extent that if they pray against a mountain, it will collapse. 

The great Islamic scholar, Ibn Fahd Al-°ill¢, narrates from “Wasa’il al-Shi’a” in his book “`Uddat al-D¡`¢”:

Allah told Jesus through revelation:

يَا عِيسَى! تَقَرَّبْ إلَى المُؤمِنِينَ وَمُرْهُمْ أنْ يَدْعُونِي مَعَكَ.

O Jesus! Join the believers and order them to pray with you before My Presence! 

Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) states:

كَانَ أبِي عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ إذَا حَزَنَهُ أمْرٌ جَمَعَ النِّسَاءَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ ثُمَّ دَعَا وَأَمَّنُوا.

My father always acted this way; when something made him sorrowful, he gathered women and children, then he prayed and they said Amen! 

Despair; the state of the disbeliever

The supplicant should be aware that the Almighty God has invited him to pray and has guaranteed the acceptance of the supplication. Accepting the prayer and granting the supplicant’s exigency is easy for Allah, since all the world’s creatures are under His Absolute Power, and He provides the grounds for the fulfillment of His servant’s exigency with a single order. It is, therefore, not right to become hopeless in the Presence of God, whose Insight, Mercy and Forgiveness is infinite, especially when praying. Despair, as stipulated in the Holy Qur’¡n, is the state of the desbeliever:

يَا بَنِيَّ اذْهَبُوا فَتَحَسَّسُوا مِنْ يُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ وَلا تَيْئَسُوا مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لا يَيْئَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الْقَوْمُ الكَافِرُونَ.

Go, O my sons! And ascertain concerning Joseph and his brother, and despair not of the Spirit of Allah. Lo! None despaireth of the Spirit of Allah save disbelieving folk. (12:87)

The Holy Qur’¡n strongly recommends not being hopeless of God’s Mercy:

لا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ.

Despair not of the Mercy of Allah! (39:53)

The Prophet of Islam (s.a) states:

اَلفَاجِرُ الرَّاجِي لِرَحْمَةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى أقْرَبُ مِنْهَا مِنَ العَابِدِ المُقَنَّطِ.

Allah’s Mercy is nearer to a hopeful wrongdoer than to a hopeless worshipper. 

Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) said:

الْيَأسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللهِ أشَدُّ بَرْداً مِنَ الزَّمْهَرِيرِ.

The cold of despair from God’s Mercy is colder than intense cold. 

Despair from Allah’s Mercy is considered as a major sin in Islamic teachings and traditions, and the hopeless is promised chastisement. The supplicant should not despair, in case his/her supplication is not answered. Perhaps the acceptance of supplication has not been in accord with God’s expediency, setting of acceptance may not have come, or God wants the supplicant to continue supplication and insistence on his/her demand. Moreover Allah may want to postpone granting the supplicant’s exigency to the Day of Judgment, in order to make the granting eternal. Therefore, losing hope of Allah’s Compassion is in no way acceptable from a believer. Many significant traditions have been narrated in invaluable Islamic books, considering du`¡’ and its acceptance. A few instances come here:

Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) narrates:

إنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَدْعُو اللهَ فَيُقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلْمَلَكَيْنِ: قَدِ اسْتَجَبْتُ لَهُ، وَلكِنْ إحْبِسُوهُ بِحَاجَتِهِ فَإنَّي أُحِبُّ أنْ أسْمَعَ صَوْتَهُ، وإنَّ العَبْدَ لَيَدْعُو فَيَقُولُ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: عَجِّلُوا لَهُ حَاجَتَهُ فَإنِّي أبْغَضُ صَوْتَهُ.

In fact, a servant prays and Allah says to two angels: ‘I accepted his supplication, but don’t grant his demand so that he continues praying, because I desire to hear his voice.’ And another servant prays, so Allah says: ‘Give him his demand promptly; I hate his voice.’ 

Mansur Sayqal says: I asked Imam ¯¡diq (a.s): Perhaps someone prays, and his supplication is accepted but not granted at once. Imam confirmed it. I asked: What is the reason? Is it for him to pray more? Imam confirmed it again. 

Conditions of Du`¡’

If the supplicant wants his du`¡’ to be accepted, s/he should meet certain conditions, which are numerated by Ahl al-Bayt (a.s) in valid books such as “Usol Al-K¡f¢”, “Mahajjat al-Bayza’ “, “Wasa’il al-Shi’a”, “Jami’ al-Ahadith al-Shi’a”, etc.

Here’s a list of such conditions without further ado:

Islamic purity like wudo (ablution), ghusl (ritual washing) and tayammum (ablution with soil), clearing up the rights of the people (haqqunnas), sincerity, correct pronunciation of du`¡’, permissibility of income, observing and strengthening kinship ties (silatur-rahim), charity (sadaqah) before du`¡’, obedience to Allah, abstention from sins, rectification of deeds, du`¡’ at dawn, du`¡’ in watr (name of a salat), du`¡’ at the true dawn, du`¡’ at sunrise, du`¡’ between noon and evening prayer on Wednesday, and finally praising the Prophet(s.a) and his progeny (salawat) before du`¡’. 

Thursday Night

Thursday night is considered among the best times for du`¡’ in the traditions of Ahl al-Bayt (a.s), to the extent that it is about to be equal to the Qadr night  in value. The insightful and pious theologians believe: Do spend Thursday night with praying, worshipping, and invoking Allah to the morning, if you can, because the Compassionate sends the angels to the first heaven to add to the virtues of the believers and abolish their sins.

It is narrated from Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) in a valid tradition:

إنَّ لِلجُمُعَةِ حقّاً فَإيَّاكَ أنْ تُضَيِّعَ حُرْمَتَهُ أوْ تُقَصِّرَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ اللهِ وَالتَّقَرُّبِ إلَيْهِ بِالعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ وَتَرْكِ الْمَحَارِمَ كُلِّهَا فَإنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُضَاعِفُ فِيهِ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَيَمْحُو السَّيِّئَاتِ وَيَرْفَعُ فِيهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ، وَيَوْمُُهُ مِثْلُ لَيْلَتِهِ فَإن اسْتَطَعْتَ أنْ تُحْيِيَهَا بِالدُّعَاءِ وَالصَّلاَةِ فَافْعَلْ فَإنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُرْسِلُ فِيهَا الْمَلائِكَةَ إلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا لِتُضَاعَفَ فِيهَا الْحَسَناتُ وَتُمْحَى فِيهَا السَّيِّئَاتُ وَإنَّ اللهَ وَاسِعٌ كَرِيم.ٌ

Verily, Fridays enjoy rights (incumbent upon people). Therefore, beware of violating Fridays’ sanctity through showing shortcoming in acts of worship and seeking nearness to Almighty Allah by means of righteous deeds and abandonment of all forbidden acts. Certainly, on Fridays Almighty Allah doubles up the rewards (of good deeds), erases forgivingly punishments (for evildoings), and raises the ranks (of faith). Friday daytimes are as same as Friday nights; therefore, you may, when possible, stay up supplicating and offering prayers to Almighty Allah Who, at that night, orders the angels to descend to the lower heavens in order to double up the rewards and erase the evildoings. Most surely, Allah is Ample-giving and All-generous. 

إنَّ المُؤمِنَ لَيَدْعُو فِي الحَاجَةِ فَيُؤَخِّرُ اللهُ حَاجَتَهُ الَّتِي سَأَلَ إلَى يَوْمِ الجُمُعَةِ لِيَخُصَّهُ بِفَضْلِهِ.

The believer may pray for an exigency and Allah postpones answering him to grant him his demand on Thursday night. 

لَمَّا سَألَ إخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ يَعقُوبَ أنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ، قَالَ: (سَوْفَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبّي) ثُمَّ أخَّرَ الاسْتِغْفَارَ إلى السَّحَرِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ كَيْ يُسْتَجَابَ لَهُ.

When Prophet Josef’s brothers asked their father, Prophet Jacob, to seek forgiveness for them from Allah, Jacob said: ‘I will seek forgiveness for you soon.’ And he delayed seeking forgiveness for them until Friday dawn so that his exigency will be answered. 

Imam al-B¡qir (a.s) says:

إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى لَيَأمُرُ مَلَكاً فَيُنَادِي كُلَّ لَيْلَةِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ فَوْقِ عَرْشِهِ مِنْ أوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ إلَى آخِرِهِ: ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ يَدعُونِي لآخِرَتِهِ وَدُنْياهُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ فَأُجِيبُهُ؟ ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ يَتُوبُ إلَيَّ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ فَأتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ؟ ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ قَدْ قَتَّرْتُ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَسْأَلُنِي الزِّيَادَةَ فِي رِزْقِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَأزِيدُهُ وَأوسِعُ عَلَيْهِ؟ ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ سَقِيمٌ فَيَسْألُنِي أنْ أشْفِيَهُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ فَأُعَافِيهِ؟ ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ مَغْمُومٌ مَحْبُوسٌ يَسْألُنِي أنْ أُطْلِقَهُ مِنْ حَبْسِهِ وَأُفَرِّجُ عَنْهُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ فَأُطْلِقُهُ وَأُخَلّي سَبِيلَهُ؟ ألاَ عَبْدٌ مُؤمِنٌ مَظْلُومٌ يَسْألُنِي أنْ آخُذَ لَهُ بِظُلامَتِهِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ فَأَنْتَصِرُ لَهُ وَآخُذُ بِظُلامَتِهِ؟ قال: فَلا يَزالُ يُنادِي حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الفَجْرُ. 

Throughout every Thursday night, Allah orders an angel to call on behalf of the Almighty: Is there any believer who calls Me for this world and the Hereafter so that I grant his exigency? Is there any believer who repents of his sins before the sunrise, so that I forgive him? Is there any believer who asks for the abundance of his sustenance, which I have made scanty, before the sunrise, so that I will expand it? Is there any sick believer who asks Me to heal him before the sunrise, so that I make him well? Is there any jailed believer who asks me to free him before the sunrise, so that I grant him his demand? Is there any oppressed believer who asks Me to revenge from the oppressor, so that I restore his rights? He will keep saying so until dawn. 

Imam ¯¡diq (a.s) said:

إجْتَنِبوا المَعاصِيَ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ فَإنَّ السَّيِّئَةَ مُضَاعَفَةٌ وَالحَسَنَةَ مُضَاعَفَةٌ. وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَعْصِيَةَ اللهِ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ كُلَّ مَا سَلَفَ، وَمَنْ بَارَزَ اللهَ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ أخَذَهُ اللهُ بِكُلِّ مَا عَمِلَ فِي عُمُرِهِ وَضَاعَفَ عَلَيْهِ العَذَابَ بِهَذِهِ المَعْصِيَةِ.

Avoid committing sins on Thursday nights, since the punishment is double then, as the recompense for virtues is multifold. Whoever avoids sins on Thursday night, Allah will forgive his previous sins. And whoever openly commits sins on Thursday night, Allah will chastise him for his lifetime sins and will multiply punishment of his Thursday night sin, because of breaking Thursday night forbiddance. 

Many prayers and supplications have been mentioned for Thursday night, among which du`¡’ Kumayl has a special importance.